Outpatient Oncology Infusion Market Research, Analysis, Segmentation, Trends, Size And Forecasts, Competitive Analysis, SWOT Analysis

Outpatient Oncology Infusion Market Introduction

The outpatient oncology infusion market refers to the administration of chemotherapy and other cancer treatments in outpatient settings, such as clinics or infusion centers, as opposed to inpatient hospital settings. This market is driven by several factors, including the growing prevalence of cancer, the increasing demand for cost-effective treatment options, and the shift towards value-based care models that prioritize outpatient care.

Research into the outpatient oncology infusion market can provide insights into key trends, drivers, and challenges facing the market. Here are some potential areas of focus for research in this field:

Market size and growth: Research can explore the size of the outpatient oncology infusion market, including the total number of infusion centers and patients treated, as well as projections for future growth. This research can also examine factors driving growth, such as the increasing demand for outpatient care and the rise of value-based care models.
Treatment modalities: Research can explore the different treatment modalities used in outpatient oncology infusion, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and other targeted therapies. This research can also examine trends in the use of different treatment modalities and the effectiveness of these treatments in improving patient outcomes.
Patient demographics: Research can examine the demographics of patients receiving outpatient oncology infusion, including age, gender, and cancer type. This research can also explore disparities in access to care among different patient populations and strategies for addressing these disparities.
Cost-effectiveness: Research can explore the cost-effectiveness of outpatient oncology infusion compared to inpatient hospital care, as well as the impact of different reimbursement models on the market. This research can also examine strategies for reducing the cost of outpatient oncology infusion while maintaining high-quality care.
Technology and innovation: Research can explore the role of technology and innovation in the outpatient oncology infusion market, including the use of electronic health records, telemedicine, and other digital tools to improve care delivery and patient outcomes. This research can also examine the potential for new treatments and technologies to disrupt the market and create new opportunities for growth.

Overall, research into the outpatient oncology infusion market can provide valuable insights into the key drivers, challenges, and opportunities facing this growing market. By understanding these trends, healthcare providers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders can develop strategies for improving patient outcomes and expanding access to cost-effective cancer care.

Outpatient Oncology Infusion Market Industry Analysis

The outpatient oncology infusion market is a growing industry that provides cancer treatment services in outpatient settings such as clinics or infusion centers. The industry is driven by several factors, including the increasing prevalence of cancer, the rising demand for cost-effective treatment options, and the shift towards value-based care models that prioritize outpatient care.

Here are some key elements of an industry analysis for the outpatient oncology infusion market:

Market size and growth: The outpatient oncology infusion market is expected to continue growing as the demand for cancer treatment services increases. The market size can be measured in terms of the total number of patients treated, the number of infusion centers, and revenue generated by the industry. An analysis of market growth can help identify opportunities for new entrants and potential barriers to entry.
Key players and market share: The market is dominated by large healthcare providers, including hospital systems, clinics, and specialty care providers. An analysis of the key players in the market and their market share can help identify competitive advantages and potential areas of growth for new entrants.
Regulatory environment: The regulatory environment for the outpatient oncology infusion market is complex and constantly evolving. An analysis of the regulatory environment can help identify potential opportunities and challenges for the industry, such as changes in reimbursement policies or data privacy laws.
Competitive landscape: The outpatient oncology infusion market is highly competitive, with providers competing on factors such as cost, quality of care, and patient experience. An analysis of the competitive landscape can help identify potential opportunities for differentiation and strategies for gaining market share.
Technological innovation: The outpatient oncology infusion market is experiencing significant technological innovation, with the adoption of electronic health records, telemedicine, and other digital tools to improve care delivery and patient outcomes. An analysis of technological trends in the market can help identify potential areas for growth and investment.

Overall, an industry analysis of the outpatient oncology infusion market can provide valuable insights into key drivers, challenges, and opportunities facing the industry. By understanding these trends, healthcare providers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders can develop strategies for improving patient outcomes and expanding access to cost-effective cancer care.

Outpatient Oncology Infusion Market Trends

Here are some key trends in the outpatient oncology infusion market:

Increasing demand for outpatient cancer treatment: Patients are increasingly seeking treatment in outpatient settings due to factors such as convenience, lower costs, and improved quality of care. This has led to a shift away from inpatient cancer treatment, with many hospitals and healthcare providers expanding their outpatient services.
Growth in specialty care providers: Specialty care providers, including freestanding cancer clinics and infusion centers, are becoming an increasingly important part of the outpatient oncology infusion market. These providers offer specialized cancer treatment services, often with a focus on personalized care and patient experience.
Advances in technology: Technology is playing an increasingly important role in the outpatient oncology infusion market, with the adoption of electronic health records, telemedicine, and other digital tools to improve care delivery and patient outcomes. This includes the use of remote monitoring and telehealth services to allow patients to receive care from home.
Value-based care models: Value-based care models, which prioritize outcomes and patient experience over volume of services, are becoming more common in the outpatient oncology infusion market. This is driving providers to focus on improving quality of care and patient outcomes, while also reducing costs and increasing efficiency.
Increasing prevalence of cancer: Cancer rates are increasing globally, with an aging population and changing lifestyle factors contributing to the rise in cancer incidence. This is driving demand for cancer treatment services, including outpatient oncology infusion services.

Overall, the outpatient oncology infusion market is a dynamic and rapidly evolving industry, driven by a range of trends and factors. Healthcare providers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders must stay up-to-date on these trends to develop strategies for improving patient outcomes and expanding access to cost-effective cancer care.

Outpatient Oncology Infusion Market Size And Forecast

The outpatient oncology infusion market is a rapidly growing industry that provides cancer treatment services in outpatient settings such as clinics or infusion centers. The market size and forecast for this industry can be estimated using a variety of factors, including the number of patients treated, the number of infusion centers, and revenue generated by the industry.

According to a report by Grand View Research, the global outpatient oncology infusion market size was valued at $15.9 billion in 2020 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.9% from 2021 to 2028. The report cites several factors driving market growth, including increasing prevalence of cancer, rising demand for cost-effective treatment options, and the shift towards value-based care models that prioritize outpatient care.

In terms of regional analysis, North America currently dominates the global outpatient oncology infusion market, accounting for the largest share of revenue. This is due to factors such as the high prevalence of cancer, advanced healthcare infrastructure, and increasing adoption of value-based care models. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period, due to factors such as rising cancer incidence and increasing government investment in healthcare infrastructure.

Overall, the outpatient oncology infusion market is expected to continue growing as the demand for cancer treatment services increases. The market is characterized by a high level of competition, with large healthcare providers and specialty care providers competing on factors such as cost, quality of care, and patient experience. By staying up-to-date on industry trends and investing in new technologies and care models, healthcare providers and industry stakeholders can position themselves for growth and success in this dynamic market.

Outpatient Oncology Infusion Market Share Analysis

The outpatient oncology infusion market is a highly competitive industry, with a range of providers offering cancer treatment services in outpatient settings. The market share of these providers can be analyzed using several factors, including revenue, number of infusion centers, and patient volume.

According to a report by Grand View Research, the global outpatient oncology infusion market is dominated by a few large players, including AmerisourceBergen Corporation, CVS Health, Walgreens Boots Alliance, Inc., and Fresenius Medical Care AG & Co. KGaA. These players are expected to continue holding significant market share in the coming years, due to their strong presence in the industry and ability to offer a range of cancer treatment services.

In addition to these large players, there are also a number of specialty care providers that offer cancer treatment services in outpatient settings. These providers may focus on specific types of cancer or offer personalized care and patient experience. Some notable players in this space include Oncology Analytics, Inc., Onco360 Oncology, LLC, and BioScrip, Inc.

In terms of regional analysis, North America currently holds the largest share of the global outpatient oncology infusion market, due to factors such as high cancer incidence rates and advanced healthcare infrastructure. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to grow at the highest rate in the coming years, due to increasing cancer incidence rates and government investment in healthcare infrastructure.

Overall, the outpatient oncology infusion market is a highly competitive industry with a range of players offering cancer treatment services. By staying up-to-date on industry trends and investing in new technologies and care models, providers can position themselves for success in this dynamic market.

Outpatient Oncology Infusion Market Competitive Landscape

The outpatient oncology infusion market is a highly competitive industry with a range of providers offering cancer treatment services in outpatient settings. The competitive landscape of this market can be analyzed based on several factors, including market share, product offerings, and geographical presence.

Some of the largest players in the outpatient oncology infusion market include AmerisourceBergen Corporation, CVS Health, Walgreens Boots Alliance, Inc., and Fresenius Medical Care AG & Co. KGaA. These companies have a strong presence in the industry and offer a wide range of cancer treatment services in outpatient settings.

Technology is also playing an increasingly important role in the outpatient oncology infusion market, with a number of providers leveraging digital tools and platforms to improve patient care and outcomes. For example, Flatiron Health, a subsidiary of Roche, offers a cloud-based platform that allows healthcare providers to access patient data and optimize cancer treatment plans.

Overall, the competitive landscape of the outpatient oncology infusion market is characterized by a range of providers offering cancer treatment services in outpatient settings. By investing in new technologies and care models, providers can position themselves for success in this dynamic market. However, the industry is also facing challenges such as increasing competition and pricing pressures, which may impact the profitability of some providers.

Outpatient Oncology Infusion Market Intelligence

The outpatient oncology infusion market is a dynamic and rapidly evolving industry, with a range of factors influencing market trends and growth. Some key market intelligence insights in this industry include:

Increasing incidence of cancer: The global incidence of cancer is on the rise, driving demand for outpatient oncology infusion services. Factors contributing to this trend include aging populations, lifestyle changes, and environmental factors.
Shift towards outpatient care: In recent years, there has been a shift towards outpatient care for cancer treatment, driven by factors such as cost savings and improved patient experience. As a result, the outpatient oncology infusion market is expected to grow at a faster rate than traditional inpatient settings.
Technological advancements: Technology is playing an increasingly important role in the outpatient oncology infusion market, with providers leveraging digital tools and platforms to improve patient care and outcomes. For example, data analytics and artificial intelligence are being used to develop personalized treatment plans and optimize patient outcomes.
Competitive landscape: The outpatient oncology infusion market is a highly competitive industry, with a range of large players and specialty care providers offering cancer treatment services in outpatient settings. Providers are increasingly investing in new technologies and care models to differentiate themselves from competitors and improve patient outcomes.
Regulatory landscape: The outpatient oncology infusion market is subject to a range of regulatory requirements, including safety and efficacy standards for drugs and medical devices. Providers must stay up-to-date on changing regulations and compliance requirements to ensure that they are delivering safe and effective care to patients.

Overall, the outpatient oncology infusion market is a complex and dynamic industry, with a range of factors influencing market trends and growth. By staying up-to-date on industry intelligence, providers can position themselves for success in this competitive and rapidly evolving market.

Outpatient Oncology Infusion Market Industry Trends

The outpatient oncology infusion market is characterized by a number of industry trends that are shaping the direction of the market. Some of the key trends in this industry include:

Shift towards value-based care: There is a growing trend towards value-based care in the outpatient oncology infusion market, with providers focusing on delivering high-quality care at lower costs. This is being driven by changes in reimbursement models and a greater focus on patient outcomes and satisfaction.
Increasing adoption of digital health technologies: Providers are increasingly adopting digital health technologies to improve patient care and outcomes in the outpatient oncology infusion market. These technologies include electronic health records (EHRs), telehealth platforms, and remote patient monitoring tools.
Personalized medicine: There is growing interest in personalized medicine in the outpatient oncology infusion market, with providers using genetic testing and other diagnostic tools to develop targeted treatment plans for individual patients.
Expansion of infusion centers: Infusion centers are becoming increasingly popular in the outpatient oncology infusion market, providing patients with a more comfortable and convenient environment for receiving treatment. Providers are expanding their networks of infusion centers to meet growing demand.
Increasing competition: The outpatient oncology infusion market is highly competitive, with a range of large providers and specialty care providers offering cancer treatment services in outpatient settings. Providers must differentiate themselves from competitors by offering high-quality, personalized care and leveraging digital health technologies to improve patient outcomes.

Overall, the outpatient oncology infusion market is a dynamic and evolving industry that is being shaped by a range of industry trends. By staying up-to-date on these trends, providers can position themselves for success in this competitive and rapidly growing market.

Outpatient Oncology Infusion Market Analysis

The outpatient oncology infusion market is a growing industry, driven by a range of factors including an increasing incidence of cancer, a shift towards outpatient care, and technological advancements in cancer treatment. Here are some key aspects of the market analysis:

Market Size and Growth: The global outpatient oncology infusion market is projected to experience significant growth over the coming years. According to a report by ResearchAndMarkets, the market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 10.5% from 2021 to 2028.

Market Segmentation: The outpatient oncology infusion market can be segmented by product type, infusion center type, and region. Product types include chemotherapy drugs, antiemetics, and other infusion products. Infusion center types include hospital-based, standalone, and others.

Competitive Landscape: The outpatient oncology infusion market is highly competitive, with a range of large providers and specialty care providers offering cancer treatment services in outpatient settings. Some of the key players in the market include DaVita Inc., Fresenius Medical Care AG & Co. KGaA, Amgen Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, and Eli Lilly and Company.

Market Trends: The outpatient oncology infusion market is being shaped by a number of industry trends, including a shift towards value-based care, increasing adoption of digital health technologies, and the expansion of infusion centers.

Regional Analysis: The outpatient oncology infusion market is segmented by region, with North America and Europe accounting for a significant share of the market. Asia-Pacific is expected to experience significant growth in the coming years, driven by increasing cancer incidence rates and growing demand for outpatient cancer treatment.

Regulatory Landscape: The outpatient oncology infusion market is subject to a range of regulatory requirements, including safety and efficacy standards for drugs and medical devices. Providers must stay up-to-date on changing regulations and compliance requirements to ensure that they are delivering safe and effective care to patients.

Overall, the outpatient oncology infusion market is a rapidly growing and dynamic industry, driven by a range of factors including changes in reimbursement models, increasing demand for personalized cancer treatment, and technological advancements in cancer care. By staying up-to-date on industry trends and regulatory requirements, providers can position themselves for success in this competitive and evolving market.

Outpatient Oncology Infusion Market Segmentation

The outpatient oncology infusion market can be segmented by product type, infusion center type, and region. Here is a breakdown of each segmentation:

Product Type: The product type segment includes chemotherapy drugs, antiemetics, and other infusion products. Chemotherapy drugs are the most commonly used products in outpatient oncology infusion, and include a range of drugs designed to kill cancer cells. Antiemetics are used to manage nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, while other infusion products may include blood products, antibiotics, and other supportive therapies.
Infusion Center Type: The infusion center type segment includes hospital-based, standalone, and others. Hospital-based infusion centers are typically located within hospitals and offer a range of services for cancer patients, including chemotherapy infusion, blood transfusions, and other supportive therapies. Standalone infusion centers may be independent facilities or part of larger medical groups, and typically focus exclusively on infusion therapy for cancer patients.
Region: The region segment includes North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. North America and Europe currently account for a significant share of the market, due to high cancer incidence rates and a well-established healthcare infrastructure. However, the Asia-Pacific region is expected to experience significant growth in the coming years, driven by increasing cancer incidence rates and growing demand for outpatient cancer treatment.

Overall, segmentation is an important tool for understanding the outpatient oncology infusion market, and can help providers tailor their services and offerings to meet the specific needs of patients in different regions and with different treatment requirements. By understanding the different product types, infusion center types, and regions within the market, providers can better position themselves for success in this competitive and rapidly growing industry.

Outpatient Oncology Infusion Market Forecast

The outpatient oncology infusion market is expected to experience significant growth in the coming years, driven by a range of factors including increasing cancer incidence rates, growing demand for outpatient treatment, and advances in infusion technology and drug development.

According to a report by Market Research Future, the global outpatient oncology infusion market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 6.8% from 2020 to 2027. By the end of the forecast period, the market is expected to reach a value of $19.1 billion.

Factors driving market growth include an increasing number of cancer patients opting for outpatient treatment, the availability of a wide range of chemotherapy drugs and supportive therapies, and the growing demand for personalized cancer care. In addition, advances in infusion technology, including the development of more advanced infusion pumps and the use of wireless monitoring and data analytics tools, are also expected to contribute to market growth in the coming years.

However, the market also faces a number of challenges, including rising healthcare costs, increasing competition, and a shortage of skilled healthcare professionals. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the market, with disruptions to supply chains, delays in clinical trials, and a reduction in the number of patients seeking treatment due to fears of infection.

Overall, while the outpatient oncology infusion market faces a range of challenges, it is expected to continue to grow in the coming years, driven by increasing demand for outpatient cancer treatment and advances in infusion technology and drug development.

Outpatient Oncology Infusion Market Growth

The outpatient oncology infusion market is expected to experience strong growth in the coming years, driven by several factors.

One of the primary drivers of market growth is the increasing incidence of cancer worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and the number of new cases is expected to increase by 60% over the next two decades. As a result, there is a growing need for effective cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and other infusion therapies, which are often administered on an outpatient basis.

In addition to increasing cancer incidence rates, the growing demand for outpatient treatment is also expected to contribute to market growth. Outpatient treatment is often preferred by patients as it allows them to receive treatment in a more comfortable and familiar environment, without the need for hospitalization. This trend is likely to continue as healthcare systems strive to reduce costs and improve patient outcomes.

Advances in infusion technology and drug development are also expected to contribute to market growth in the coming years. The development of more advanced infusion pumps, wireless monitoring and data analytics tools, and other technologies are making outpatient infusion therapy safer and more efficient, while new drug therapies are improving cancer treatment outcomes and reducing side effects.

Overall, while the market faces challenges such as rising healthcare costs and increasing competition, the outlook for the outpatient oncology infusion market is positive, with strong growth expected in the coming years.

Outpatient Oncology Infusion Market Competitor Analysis

The outpatient oncology infusion market is highly competitive, with a range of companies operating in the space. Some of the key players in the market include:

Becton, Dickinson and Company: Becton, Dickinson and Company is a global medical technology company that offers a range of products and services for the healthcare industry, including infusion systems and technologies for the administration of chemotherapy drugs and other infusion therapies.
ICU Medical, Inc.: ICU Medical, Inc. is a leading provider of infusion systems and accessories, including pumps, sets, and connectors, for use in hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare settings.
Fresenius Kabi AG: Fresenius Kabi AG is a global healthcare company that offers a range of products and services for the infusion therapy market, including IV drugs, infusion pumps, and sets.
Baxter International Inc.: Baxter International Inc. is a healthcare company that offers a range of products and services for the infusion therapy market, including IV solutions, infusion pumps, and sets.
Pfizer Inc.: Pfizer Inc. is a global pharmaceutical company that offers a range of oncology drugs and other therapies for the treatment of cancer, including infusion therapies.
Amgen Inc.: Amgen Inc. is a global biopharmaceutical company that develops and markets drugs for the treatment of cancer and other diseases, including several infusion therapies.
Eli Lilly and Company: Eli Lilly and Company is a global pharmaceutical company that offers a range of oncology drugs and other therapies for the treatment of cancer, including several infusion therapies.
Merck & Co., Inc.: Merck & Co., Inc. is a global pharmaceutical company that develops and markets drugs for the treatment of cancer and other diseases, including several infusion therapies.

Overall, the outpatient oncology infusion market is highly competitive, with a range of companies offering products and services for the administration of chemotherapy drugs and other infusion therapies. The market is expected to continue to grow in the coming years, driven by increasing demand for outpatient treatment, advances in infusion technology and drug development, and the growing incidence of cancer worldwide.

Outpatient Oncology Infusion Market Strengths

Some of the strengths of the outpatient oncology infusion market include:

Growing demand for outpatient treatment: Outpatient oncology infusion is becoming increasingly popular due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and reduced risk of infection compared to inpatient treatment. This trend is expected to continue as healthcare providers look for ways to reduce costs and improve patient outcomes.
Advances in infusion technology: Advances in infusion technology, including the development of portable infusion pumps and smart pumps with enhanced safety features, are making it easier to administer chemotherapy drugs and other infusion therapies in outpatient settings.
Growing incidence of cancer: The incidence of cancer is increasing worldwide, driving demand for new and innovative treatments, including outpatient oncology infusion. This trend is expected to continue as the global population grows and ages.
Strong pipeline of oncology drugs: There is a strong pipeline of oncology drugs in development, including several infusion therapies, which is expected to drive growth in the outpatient oncology infusion market in the coming years.
Favorable reimbursement policies: In many countries, including the United States, reimbursement policies for outpatient oncology infusion are favorable, which is helping to drive demand for these services. This trend is expected to continue as healthcare providers and payers seek to improve patient outcomes and reduce costs.

Outpatient Oncology Infusion Market Opportunities

There are several opportunities for the outpatient oncology infusion market, including:

Expansion of outpatient services: The expansion of outpatient services in oncology presents an opportunity for healthcare providers to improve patient outcomes and reduce costs. As a result, there is an opportunity for providers to expand their services in this area and capture a larger share of the market.
Growing demand for personalized medicine: The growing demand for personalized medicine is creating opportunities for the outpatient oncology infusion market. Personalized medicine involves tailoring treatment to an individual’s unique genetic makeup and is becoming increasingly important in oncology.
Partnership with pharmaceutical companies: There is an opportunity for healthcare providers to partner with pharmaceutical companies to develop new infusion therapies and bring them to market. These partnerships can help to accelerate the development of new drugs and provide healthcare providers with access to the latest treatments.
Adoption of digital health technologies: The adoption of digital health technologies, such as telehealth and remote monitoring, presents an opportunity for the outpatient oncology infusion market. These technologies can improve patient access to care and reduce the need for in-person visits, which can improve patient outcomes and reduce costs.
Expansion into emerging markets: The expansion of the outpatient oncology infusion market into emerging markets, such as Asia and Latin America, presents an opportunity for healthcare providers to tap into new markets and capture a larger share of the global market. These markets are expected to experience strong growth in the coming years as the demand for oncology treatments increases.

Outpatient Oncology Infusion Market Weakness

Some weaknesses of the outpatient oncology infusion market include:

Limited reimbursement: One of the major weaknesses of the outpatient oncology infusion market is limited reimbursement. Reimbursement rates for outpatient oncology infusion services are often lower than for inpatient services, which can make it difficult for healthcare providers to offer these services.
Complex regulatory environment: The outpatient oncology infusion market is subject to a complex regulatory environment, which can create challenges for healthcare providers. Compliance with regulations can be time-consuming and costly, and failure to comply can result in fines and legal action.
Cost of equipment and supplies: The cost of equipment and supplies required for outpatient oncology infusion can be a barrier to entry for healthcare providers. Infusion pumps, chemotherapy drugs, and other supplies can be expensive, and providers may not have the resources to invest in the necessary equipment and supplies.
Staffing challenges: The outpatient oncology infusion market requires highly trained staff to administer chemotherapy and other treatments. However, there is a shortage of trained staff in some areas, which can create staffing challenges for healthcare providers.
Competition from other providers: The outpatient oncology infusion market is highly competitive, with many providers vying for a share of the market. This can make it difficult for healthcare providers to differentiate themselves and attract patients.

Outpatient Oncology Infusion Market Threats

The outpatient oncology infusion market faces several threats, including:

Reimbursement cuts: The reimbursement for oncology drugs and services may be reduced, leading to a decrease in revenue for outpatient infusion centers.
Drug shortages: Oncology drugs are often in short supply, which can lead to delays in treatment and increased costs for outpatient infusion centers.
Competition: The outpatient oncology infusion market is becoming increasingly competitive as more providers enter the market, which could lead to a decrease in market share for established providers.
Technological advancements: New technologies, such as oral chemotherapy and immunotherapy, may reduce the need for traditional infusion services, leading to a decrease in demand for outpatient infusion centers.
Regulatory changes: Changes in government regulations, such as changes in Medicare reimbursement policies, may impact the profitability of outpatient infusion centers.
Economic downturns: Economic downturns can impact the affordability of cancer treatment, leading to a decrease in demand for outpatient infusion services.
COVID-19 pandemic: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a decrease in demand for outpatient infusion services due to fears of infection, as well as disruptions in supply chains and treatment protocols.

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Disclaimer: The views, suggestions, and opinions expressed here are the sole responsibility of the experts. No Market Insight Lab journalist was involved in the writing and production of this article.